Abdominal Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (AFAST) Practice Exam

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• What term describes the amount of curvature in an airfoil?
• When is a helicopter's performance most adversely affected in relation to ground proximity?
• What does collective pitch control do in a helicopter during flight?
• In aviation, a configuration with a nose up at 45 degrees and a right bank of 40 degrees corresponds to which heading?
• What is the function of the main rotor thrust during hover?
• What happens to the retreating blade at high airspeeds and low RPM?
• When operating at high forward airspeeds, under which conditions are retreating blade stalls more likely to occur?
• What is the primary purpose of the tail rotor system?
• What does translating lift refer to in helicopter flight?
• A stall in flight is primarily caused by what phenomenon?
• How is a takeoff from a slope typically accomplished in a helicopter with skid-type landing gear?
• If RPM is low and manifold pressure is high, what initial corrective action should be taken?
• Which description best fits a scenario where the nose is down 45 degrees, banked 90 degrees, while flying towards the west?
• What principle is described by the term ‘centrifugal force’ relative to rotor blades?
• What is the proper procedure for a slope landing in helicopters with skid-type landing gear?
• How can true airspeed be roughly computed from indicated airspeed at higher altitudes?
• For slope takeoff, what position should the cyclic stick be moved to?
• What maneuver should a pilot perform to avoid wake turbulence while departing behind a heavy aircraft?
• Which condition affects the rotor system's workload the most during a flight?
• The bank angle of an aircraft can significantly affect which of the following?
• What phenomenon describes the upward bending of rotor blades as a result of lift and centrifugal force?
• What control method varies the pitch of all main rotor blades equally and simultaneously?
• To maintain desired hovering altitude under no wind conditions, what action is taken?
• What is the primary purpose of the tail rotor system in a helicopter?
• What is true altitude defined as?
• If a helicopter is improperly loaded with a center of gravity (CG) forward of forward limits, what is a likely outcome?
• How does increased altitude affect true airspeed?
• What adjustment is needed when the nose is up slightly while banking to maintain heading 250 degrees?
• Under which condition is retreating blade stall more likely to occur?
• The result of excessive angle of attack leads to which aerodynamic condition?
• A stall is primarily the result of what factor?
• What angle of descent is represented by a nose down position of 45 degrees with a right bank of 90 degrees and a heading of 270 degrees?
• What is indicated if a helicopter's rotor system is moving out of its vortex during acceleration?
• How is "density altitude" defined in aviation?
• Which of the following does NOT contribute to translational lift?
• What effect does tilting the nose of a helicopter downward have during straight and level flight with constant power?
• The tail rotor's thrust is controlled using what mechanism?
• What is the primary purpose of the tail rotor system?
• If the heading is 180 degrees, what should the bank angle be to maintain flight?
• What happens to the taxi speed when collective pitch is increased?
• Which control is used to change heading in a helicopter when in a no wind condition?
• What controls the pitch of the main rotor blades in a helicopter?
• Gyroscopic precession occurs when:
• Gyroscopic precession occurs when a force is applied to what?
• What is primarily affected by high gross weight and low RPMs in a helicopter?
• What does a helicopter pilot adjust to respond to dissymmetry of lift during a flight operation?
• What is the rotor direction in most conventional helicopter systems?
• Which flight condition is characterized by a nose up angle of 40 degrees and a right bank of 90 degrees?
• What is considered a stabilizing maneuver for a helicopter in hover?
• What action is recommended for operations in confined areas of flight?
• What bank angle is necessary to maintain a heading of 235 degrees without climbing or diving?
• Which factor mainly affects the amount of lift and drag produced by an airfoil?
• What conditions are considered most favorable for helicopter performance?
• What is the term for the upward force acting on a helicopter created by the rotor blades?
• What is the correct action to initiate a quick stop in a helicopter?
• What are the standard conditions at sea level for density altitude?
• A helicopter that is improperly loaded with a center of gravity (CG) forward limits will exhibit which condition?
• What is the correct configuration for a straight and level flight at heading 135 degrees?
• Low frequency vibrations during cruise level flight are usually associated with which component?
• Translational lift is primarily a result of what condition during flight?
• What action is recommended for a pilot during confined area operations?
• In which scenario should a helicopter pilot consider a running takeoff?
• What is the result of increased rotor efficiency in a helicopter?
• To initiate a quick stop in a helicopter, what is the recommended action?
• What controls altitude in a helicopter?
• What is the primary purpose of the tail rotor system in a helicopter?
• In conventional American helicopters, the rotor typically turns in which direction?
• When a helicopter is in hover, what tendency does it have due to tail rotor thrust?
• Moving the cyclic forward while raising it significantly will result in what effect?
• What scenario is described by a nose down position at 45 degrees with a left bank of 45 degrees and a northeast heading?
• What is the correct technique for performing a quick stop in a helicopter?
• The tail rotor produces thrust and is controlled through the use of what mechanism?
• Which factor does not affect density altitude?
• What primarily creates lift in a helicopter?
• For effective maneuvering at heading 150 degrees, which adjustment is critical?
• Which mechanism is used to adjust the pitch of rotor blades at specific points of their pathway?
• Moving the cyclic forward and raising the collective will result in what action from the helicopter?
• What is a primary reason for the decreased efficiency of an airfoil at high altitudes?
• The transverse flow effect results in what from the rear portion of the rotor disc?
• Which system is responsible for maintaining balance against the main rotor's torque?
• In conventional American helicopters, the main rotor typically turns in which direction?
• Where is the center of gravity (CG) range typically located in a helicopter?
• What does translation lift refer to?
• What effect does pushing the cyclic stick forward have?
• Which concept governs the need for a helicopter to have a proper center of gravity?
• What condition is most likely to cause ground resonance in helicopters?
• In a helicopter, what is primarily controlled by the pedals during flight?
• How should a helicopter with skid-type landing gear take off from a slope?
• Which flight configuration describes a heading of 150 degrees?
• During surface taxiing, what should a helicopter pilot use the cyclic for?
• Medium frequency vibrations are typically associated with which of the following?
• What major indication can signal a retreating blade stall?
• What do the foot pedals in the cockpit primarily control?
• Which flight configuration involves a nose up position at an angle of 25 degrees, a bank of 35 degrees to the right, and a heading of 80 degrees?
• Exceeding the angle of attack can lead to what condition?
• What is created by the motion of an airfoil through the air?
• Which combination of factors most significantly reduces helicopter performance?
• What is the maneuver called where a rotary-wing aircraft hovers over a ground reference point?
• Ground resonance in helicopters is most likely to develop due to which of the following?
• What is the dominant force affecting the rotor system of a helicopter?
• What is created by the motion of an airfoil through the air?
• For maintaining a heading of 250 degrees, which flight attitude is correct?
• What environmental condition can adversely affect a helicopter's performance?
• What occurs due to the clockwise rotation of rotor blades generating lift in a helicopter?
• What does ground effect refer to?
• When should a helicopter pilot consider using a running takeoff?
• How does high altitude affect air speed indication?
• What is a critical factor to consider when flying helicopters in hot weather?
• What is the primary purpose of the tail rotor system in a helicopter?
• What is ground effect in relation to helicopter performance?
• What action is necessary when a helicopter transitions from a hovering to forward flight?
• What contributes to inducing drag on a helicopter during flight?
• What is the primary function of the foot pedals in a helicopter cockpit?
• Which aspect of helicopter operation is crucial for ensuring stability during maneuvers?
• What flight condition corresponds with heading 150 degrees and a left bank?
• Which colors are used in a lighted helicopter's rotation beacon?
• What is the upward bending of rotor blades caused by lift and centrifugal forces called?
• Which light signal indicates the presence of a lighted heliport?
• What defines the flight envelope of an aircraft?
• What is the result of lift and centrifugal forces acting on the rotor blades?
• If the helicopter is moving forward, where will the advancing blade be located?
• What is the term used to describe a helicopter's tendency to drift due to tail rotor thrust during a hover?
• At which altitude does the airspeed indicator start reading "too low"?
• What color lights are used for a landing pad?
• What flight configuration is suggested for achieving heading 135 degrees with no climb or dive involved?
• How is a helicopter typically taken off from a slope with skid type landing gear?
• What is the effect of a helicopter's forward speed on the advancing rotor blade?
• What is the bending upward of rotor blades during flight known as?
• Where is the advancing blade located when a helicopter is moving forward?
• Which rotor blade experiences a greater lift during flight?
• What is referred to as the dis-symmetry of lift in helicopter flight?
• Which aspect is crucial for avoiding ground resonance?
• What is the primary influence on the lift generated by a helicopter's rotor blades?
• Which factor is least favorable for helicopter performance?
• Which combination of factors contributes to the greatest reduction in helicopter performance?
• What is the proper procedure for a slope landing in a helicopter with skid-type landing gear?
• What is the function of foot pedals in a helicopter cockpit?
• What is the primary function of the tail rotor on a helicopter?
• Which flight characteristic is primarily affected by the configuration of the main rotor?
• What term describes the helicopter's tendency to drift in the direction of the tail rotor thrust during a hover?
• Lift is the upward force created by which of the following?
• Under which circumstances should a pilot consider a running takeoff?
• What does the pilot control by placing his hand on the collective?
• What is the effect of gyroscopic precession in rotating systems?
• What are the three axes around which flight movement occurs?
• What effect does the rotor RPM have on helicopter performance?
• Which factor is a limiting factor in determining forward speed of a helicopter?
• What maneuver is required for a level flight at a heading of 250 degrees?
• What is the density altitude at sea level in standard conditions?
• Under which wind conditions must a pilot exercise caution to avoid wake turbulence during landing?
• Where is the center of gravity typically located in a helicopter?
• Which of the following weather conditions is optimal for helicopter operations?
• During slope landing, what should the pilot do when parallel to the slope?
• What is the primary consequence of flying in high density altitude conditions?
• What should be done just before landing on a slope?
• What aerodynamics term describes the acute angle between an airfoil's chord line and the relative wind?
• What primary action should pilots take to optimize performance during takeoff?
• The cyclic control modifies what aspect of helicopter flight?
• What is the angle of nose position and bank for an aircraft heading 100 degrees in a right bank?
• What occurs during a quick stop maneuver in a helicopter?
• How can a lighted heliport be identified?
• Under what conditions is ground resonance most likely to develop in a helicopter?
• To maintain the desired hovering altitude in no wind conditions, what must be adjusted?
• Which factors contribute to maximum helicopter performance?
• In a tandem rotor configuration, how do the rotor blades rotate?
• The total drag experienced by an aircraft is a combination of which types of drag?
• What is the implied action when the aircraft heading is at 110 degrees and it has a nose down angle of 40 degrees with a left bank of 15 degrees?
• If the airspeed indicator shows 80 mph at 5000 feet, what is the actual speed?
• Which of the following can affect the angle of attack?
• What is the appropriate bank angle for a nose up position at heading 250 degrees?
• In a stabilized hover, which forces are equal?
• What is the name of the lift differential between the advancing and retreating main rotor blades?
• What percentage of the earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen?
• What heading and bank angle describes an aircraft with a nose up 45 degrees, flying toward the northwest?
• What is the purpose of the foot pedals in a helicopter cockpit?
• When in an upright position at 150 degrees, what angle adjustment is recommended to correct the flight path?
• What effect does altitude have on the airspeed indicator reading in a helicopter?
• Which of the following best describes the term "pitch" in aviation?
• Which attitude adjustment indicates a climb with no dive and maintaining a 225-degree heading?
• What term describes the degree of movement of an aircraft around its lateral axis?
• How can Bernoulli's principle be summarized?
• What is the term for the lift differential between the advancing and retreating rotor blades of a helicopter?
• What does the cyclic control adjust in a helicopter?
• What is the correct procedure to initiate a quick stop in a helicopter?
• What combination of factors is likely to reduce helicopter performance the most?
• What does density altitude refer to?
• What is coning in the context of rotor blades?
• What is a controlled descent with the engine disengaged called?
• In helicopter dynamics, what does applying lateral cyclic specifically affect?
• What does "absolute altitude" refer to?
• Which four forces act on an aircraft in flight?
• What is the term for the turning rotor system by air flow instead of engine power?
• Why should high air speeds be avoided in turbulent conditions?
• In a no wind condition, which control is typically used to change heading?
• When departing behind a heavy aircraft, how should a pilot maneuver to avoid wake turbulence?
• What should be the focus during approaches in turbulent air?
• What is a key factor that affects the performance of a helicopter rotor system during flight?
• What should a pilot do if engine failure occurs at altitude?
• What altitude and temperature combination is expected to decrease lift efficiency in helicopters?
• What is a likely result of ground effect during takeoff?
• What are the most favorable conditions for helicopter performance?
• During flight operations, what is the angle of descent and bank for an aircraft at a heading of 45 degrees in a left bank?
• During surface taxiing, what must a helicopter pilot maintain using pedals and cyclic?
• Which corrective action should be taken if a helicopter is experiencing excessive nose-low attitude?
• What is the term used for the downward air flow created by the rotor?
• What is the term for drag that results specifically from the production of lift?
• What best describes the concept of ground effect?
• Which speed range is associated with the onset of translational lift?
• How is a takeoff from a slope characterized for helicopters with skid-type landing gear?
• How long should each scanned area be observed for effective detection of other aircraft?
• Translucent torque occurs in which type of helicopter?
• What two forces need to be in balance for a helicopter to hover?
• What is the approximate true airspeed when indicated airspeed is 80 mph at 5000 feet?
• As a helicopter accelerates through specific airspeeds, what aerodynamic change occurs?
• Which method is best for scanning for other aircraft during daylight hours?
• When departing from a confined area, what type of takeoff is generally preferred?
• If the rotor RPM is low and manifold pressure is high, what should be the initial corrective action?
• Translation lift refers to what phenomenon?
• What are the standard conditions at sea level for density altitude?
• What should a pilot do if engine failure occurs at altitude?
• What is the term for the difference in lift between the advancing and retreating rotor blades?
• When hovering, what direction does a helicopter typically drift if there is no corrective action taken?
• What is the term for the upward bending of the rotor blades due to lift and centrifugal force?
• What is the correct flight attitude for maintaining a heading of 225 degrees?
• What is the function of collective pitch control in helicopter flight?
• What heading and attitude might a helicopter assume to maintain stability while navigating?
• What is the term for the movement a helicopter exhibits due to tail rotor thrust during a hover?
• How is a quick stop in a helicopter typically initiated?
• Which flight maneuver would you perform for a heading of 180 degrees?
• During a hover, where does a helicopter tend to drift?
• Ground effect is most likely to result in which issue during takeoff?
• When a helicopter is hovering, what is the most common directional control used to maintain position?
• What does pulling back on the cyclic stick do to the helicopter's performance?
• What effect does the lesser air density at high altitudes have on helicopter performance?
• During a hover, how does the helicopter respond when the tail rotor exerts thrust?
• Transitional lift results from which of the following?
• During autorotation, what does the rear rotor still need to control?
• During a hover, if a helicopter drifts right, how might the helicopter be rigged to compensate?
• What function do collective pitch controls serve in a helicopter?
• What is the effect of increased rotor efficiency?
• How does increasing collective thrust affect the helicopter during forward flight?
• Which component's design helps manage the airflow around the rotor disc during flight?
• What does the cyclic stick control on a helicopter?
• Which of the following best describes gyroscopic precession?
• How is the angle of attack defined?
• Which of the following describes a nose down angle of 45 degrees with a heading of 45 degrees?
• What does retreating blade stall refer to?
• During surface taxi, what does the collective pitch control?
• What factor can enhance helicopter performance under specific flying conditions?